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RFC 3123 - úplné znění

Plné znění RFC 3123:






Network Working Group                                            P. Koch
Request for Comments: 3123                        Universitaet Bielefeld
Category: Experimental                                         June 2001


          A DNS RR Type for Lists of Address Prefixes (APL RR)

Status of this Memo

   This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
   community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
   Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
   Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   The Domain Name System (DNS) is primarily used to translate domain
   names into IPv4 addresses using A RRs (Resource Records).  Several
   approaches exist to describe networks or address ranges.  This
   document specifies a new DNS RR type "APL" for address prefix lists.

1. Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].

   Domain names herein are for explanatory purposes only and should not
   be expected to lead to useful information in real life [RFC 2606].

2. Background

   The Domain Name System [RFC 1034], [RFC 1035] provides a mechanism to
   associate addresses and other Internet infrastructure elements with
   hierarchically built domain names.  Various types of resource records
   have been defined, especially those for IPv4 and IPv6 [RFC 2874]
   addresses.  In [RFC 1101] a method is described to publish information
   about the address space allocated to an organisation.  In older BIND
   versions, a weak form of controlling access to zone data was
   implemented using TXT RRs describing address ranges.

   This document specifies a new RR type for address prefix lists.





Koch                          Experimental                      [Page 1]

RFC 3123 DNS APL RR June 2001 3. APL RR Type An APL record has the DNS type of "APL" and a numeric value of 42 [IANA]. The APL RR is defined in the IN class only. APL RRs cause no additional section processing. 4. APL RDATA format The RDATA section consists of zero or more items (<apitem>) of the form +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | ADDRESSFAMILY | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | PREFIX | N | AFDLENGTH | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ / AFDPART / | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ ADDRESSFAMILY 16 bit unsigned value as assigned by IANA (see IANA Considerations) PREFIX 8 bit unsigned binary coded prefix length. Upper and lower bounds and interpretation of this value are address family specific. N negation flag, indicates the presence of the "!" character in the textual format. It has the value "1" if the "!" was given, "0" else. AFDLENGTH length in octets of the following address family dependent part (7 bit unsigned). AFDPART address family dependent part. See below. This document defines the AFDPARTs for address families 1 (IPv4) and 2 (IPv6). Future revisions may deal with additional address families. 4.1. AFDPART for IPv4 The encoding of an IPv4 address (address family 1) follows the encoding specified for the A RR by [RFC 1035], section 3.4.1. PREFIX specifies the number of bits of the IPv4 address starting at the most significant bit. Legal values range from 0 to 32. Trailing zero octets do not bear any information (e.g., there is no semantic difference between 10.0.0.0/16 and 10/16) in an address prefix, so the shortest possible AFDLENGTH can be used to encode it. However, for DNSSEC [RFC 2535] a single wire encoding must be used by Koch Experimental [Page 2]
RFC 3123 DNS APL RR June 2001 all. Therefore the sender MUST NOT include trailing zero octets in the AFDPART regardless of the value of PREFIX. This includes cases in which AFDLENGTH times 8 results in a value less than PREFIX. The AFDPART is padded with zero bits to match a full octet boundary. An IPv4 AFDPART has a variable length of 0 to 4 octets. 4.2. AFDPART for IPv6 The 128 bit IPv6 address (address family 2) is encoded in network byte order (high-order byte first). PREFIX specifies the number of bits of the IPv6 address starting at the most significant bit. Legal values range from 0 to 128. With the same reasoning as in 4.1 above, the sender MUST NOT include trailing zero octets in the AFDPART regardless of the value of PREFIX. This includes cases in which AFDLENGTH times 8 results in a value less than PREFIX. The AFDPART is padded with zero bits to match a full octet boundary. An IPv6 AFDPART has a variable length of 0 to 16 octets. 5. Zone File Syntax The textual representation of an APL RR in a DNS zone file is as follows: <owner> IN <TTL> APL {[!]afi:address/prefix}* The data consists of zero or more strings of the address family indicator <afi>, immediately followed by a colon ":", an address, immediately followed by the "/" character, immediately followed by a decimal numeric value for the prefix length. Any such string may be preceded by a "!" character. The strings are separated by whitespace. The <afi> is the decimal numeric value of that particular address family. 5.1. Textual Representation of IPv4 Addresses An IPv4 address in the <address> part of an <apitem> is in dotted quad notation, just as in an A RR. The <prefix> has values from the interval 0..32 (decimal). Koch Experimental [Page 3]
RFC 3123 DNS APL RR June 2001 5.2. Textual Representation of IPv6 Addresses The representation of an IPv6 address in the <address> part of an <apitem> follows [RFC 2373], section 2.2. Legal values for <prefix> are from the interval 0..128 (decimal). 6. APL RR usage An APL RR with empty RDATA is valid and implements an empty list. Multiple occurrences of the same <apitem> in a single APL RR are allowed and MUST NOT be merged by a DNS server or resolver. <apitems> MUST be kept in order and MUST NOT be rearranged or aggregated. A single APL RR may contain <apitems> belonging to different address families. The maximum number of <apitems> is upper bounded by the available RDATA space. RRSets consisting of more than one APL RR are legal but the interpretation is left to the particular application. 7. Applicability Statement The APL RR defines a framework without specifying any particular meaning for the list of prefixes. It is expected that APL RRs will be used in different application scenarios which have to be documented separately. Those scenarios may be distinguished by characteristic prefixes placed in front of the DNS owner name. An APL application specification MUST include information on o the characteristic prefix, if any o how to interpret APL RRSets consisting of more than one RR o how to interpret an empty APL RR o which address families are expected to appear in the APL RRs for that application o how to deal with APL RR list elements which belong to other address families, including those not yet defined o the exact semantics of list elements negated by the "!" character Koch Experimental [Page 4]
RFC 3123 DNS APL RR June 2001 Possible applications include the publication of address ranges similar to [RFC 1101], description of zones built following [RFC 2317] and in-band access control to limit general access or zone transfer (AXFR) availability for zone data held in DNS servers. The specification of particular application scenarios is out of the scope of this document. 8. Examples The following examples only illustrate some of the possible usages outlined in the previous section. None of those applications are hereby specified nor is it implied that any particular APL RR based application does exist now or will exist in the future. ; RFC 1101-like announcement of address ranges for foo.example foo.example. IN APL 1:192.168.32.0/21 !1:192.168.38.0/28 ; CIDR blocks covered by classless delegation 42.168.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN APL ( 1:192.168.42.0/26 1:192.168.42.64/26 1:192.168.42.128/25 ) ; Zone transfer restriction _axfr.sbo.example. IN APL 1:127.0.0.1/32 1:172.16.64.0/22 ; List of address ranges for multicast multicast.example. IN APL 1:224.0.0.0/4 2:FF00:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/8 Note that since trailing zeroes are ignored in the first APL RR the AFDLENGTH of both <apitems> is three. 9. Security Considerations Any information obtained from the DNS should be regarded as unsafe unless techniques specified in [RFC 2535] or [RFC 2845] were used. The definition of a new RR type does not introduce security problems into the DNS, but usage of information made available by APL RRs may compromise security. This includes disclosure of network topology information and in particular the use of APL RRs to construct access control lists. Koch Experimental [Page 5]
RFC 3123 DNS APL RR June 2001 10. IANA Considerations This section is to be interpreted as following [RFC 2434]. This document does not define any new namespaces. It uses the 16 bit identifiers for address families maintained by IANA in http://www.iana.org/numbers.html. The IANA assigned numeric RR type value 42 for APL [IANA]. 11. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Mark Andrews, Olafur Gudmundsson, Ed Lewis, Thomas Narten, Erik Nordmark, and Paul Vixie for their review and constructive comments. 12. References [RFC 1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987. [RFC 1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987. [RFC 1101] Mockapetris, P., "DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types", RFC 1101, April 1989. [RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC 2181] Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Clarifications to the DNS Specification", RFC 2181, July 1997. [RFC 2317] Eidnes, H., de Groot, G. and P. Vixie, "Classless IN- ADDR.ARPA delegation", BCP 20, RFC 2317, March 1998. [RFC 2373] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998. [RFC 2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998. [RFC 2535] Eastlake, D., "Domain Name System Security Extensions", RFC 2535, March 1999. [RFC 2606] Eastlake, D. and A. Panitz, "Reserved Top Level DNS Names", BCP 32, RFC 2606, June 1999. Koch Experimental [Page 6]
RFC 3123 DNS APL RR June 2001 [RFC 2845] Vixie, P., Gudmundsson, O., Eastlake, D. and B. Wellington, "Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG)", RFC 2845, May 2000. [RFC 2874] Crawford, M. and C. Huitema, "DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation and Renumbering", RFC 2874, July 2000. [IANA] http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters 13. Author's Address Peter Koch Universitaet Bielefeld Technische Fakultaet D-33594 Bielefeld Germany Phone: +49 521 106 2902 EMail: pk@TechFak.Uni-Bielefeld.DE Koch Experimental [Page 7]
RFC 3123 DNS APL RR June 2001 14. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Koch Experimental [Page 8]


English version: RFC 3123